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Nested try-catch in Java | In Java, we can use a try-catch block within another try-catch block. The try-catch placed inside another try/catch/finally is called the inner try-catch block.
Example of nested try-catch in Java:-
try {
// code
try {
// code
} catch(Exception e) {
// code
}
} catch(Exception e) {
// code
}There are some situations when there is a chance of raising an exception inside try/catch/finally which can lead to an abnormal termination of the program. To solve this problem we should use nested try-catch blocks to terminate try, catch, finally block normally.
Let us understand nested try-catch in Java through an example:- Take a value from the end-user, if it is a positive integer number then create an array of that size, if the passed number is negative then create an array with size=5. If the passed value is not a number then display appropriate messages.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a value: ");
String str = scan.nextLine();
int arr[] = null;
try {
int x = Integer.parseInt(str);
System.out.println("x: " + x);
try {
arr = new int[x]; // size = x
} catch(NegativeArraySizeException nase) {
arr = new int[5]; // size = 5
}
// display array size
System.out.println("Array size: " + arr.length);
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) {
System.out.println("Pass only int value");
} catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}Output for different test cases:-
Enter a value: 10
x: 10
Array size: 10
Enter a value: -20
x: -20
Array size: 5
Enter a value: A
Pass only int value
When we passed value=-20 then “ NegativeArraySizeException” raised because array size can’t be negative, and the inner catch block executed. From inner catch block size = 5 is assigned to the array. In the 3rd test case, we passed value = “A” since it is not a number, therefore “NumberFormatException” was raised and the respective outer catch block was executed.
Also see:- Different ways to get the exception message, Develop User-defined Custom exception, Java Custom Exception Example
Control Flow of Nested try-catch in Java
- The exception raised in inner try is caught by inner catch and the statements placed after inner try/catch are executed.
- If the inner catch parameter is not matched with the raised exception in the inner try then that exception will propagate to the outer try and it is caught by the outer catch and the statements placed after the outer try-catch are executed.
- If outer catch is also not matched, then that exception is propagated to JVM and program execution is terminated abnormally.
We will see these points through different examples of nested try-catch in Java.
Examples of Nested try-catch in Java
Example-1:- Exception is not raised in the program.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Inner try
After inner try-catch
After outer try-catch
main() end
In this program, exceptions didn’t raise anywhere therefore inner & outer catch blocks are not executed.
Example-2:- Exception is raised in the method before outer try block.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}
Output:-
main() start
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at Test.main(Test.java:5)
The exception is raised before the outer try block therefore the program is terminated abnormally without executing outer & inner try-catch blocks.
Example-3:- Exception is raised in outer try block before inner try-catch
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}
Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Outer catch
After outer try-catch
main() end
The exception is raised inside the outer try block but before the inner try-catch, therefore, control will directly come to the outer catch block without executing the inner try-catch block.
Note that the inner catch block is also handling ArithmeticException but it will handle exceptions raised within the inner try block, but not outside of the inner try block.
Example-4:- Exception is raised in the inner try block and matched with the inner catch block parameter.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}
Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Inner try
Inner catch
After inner try-catch
After outer try-catch
main() end
The exception is raised in the inner try block and matched with the inner catch parameter therefore control will go from inner try block to inner catch block. The code after the inner try-catch block will be executed successfully.
Example-5:- Exception is raised in the inner try block, inner catch block not matched, but outer catch block matched.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
} catch(NumberFormatException ae) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(ArithmeticException ae) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Inner try
Outer catch
After outer try-catch
main() end
The exception is raised in the inner try block, but the inner catch parameter is not matched. Therefore, the exception will be propagated to the outer catch block.
Example-6:- Exception is raised in the inner try block, both inner & outer catch blocks not matched.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
} catch(NumberFormatException ae) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Inner try
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at Test.main(Test.java:9)
Since the exception is not matched with either the inner catch parameter or the outer catch parameter therefore it is propagated to the JVM and program execution is terminated abnormally.
Example-7:- Exception is raised in the inner try, and the inner catch is matched. Again exception is raised in the inner catch.
When an exception is raised in the inner catch block then it will be treated as a rising exception in the outer try block, because the inner try-catch block is part of the outer try block.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
} catch(ArithmeticException ae) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Inner try
Inner catch
Outer catch
After outer try-catch
main() end
If the raised exception in the inner catch block is not matched with the outer catch block then the exception will be propagated to the JVM and the program will terminate abnormally without executing the remaining code.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main() start");
try {
System.out.println("Outer try");
try {
System.out.println("Inner try");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
} catch(ArithmeticException ae) {
System.out.println("Inner catch");
System.out.println(9/0); // Exception
}
System.out.println("After inner try-catch");
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) {
System.out.println("Outer catch");
}
System.out.println("After outer try-catch");
System.out.println("main() end");
}
}Output:-
main() start
Outer try
Inner try
Inner catch
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at Test.main(Test.java:12)
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