Math.sqrt() Method In Java

Math.sqrt() Method In Java | The sqrt() method of java.lang.Math class is given to calculate the square root value of a given number. It returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a double value.

The prototype of java.lang.Math.sqrt() method is:-
public static double sqrt(double a)

Argument type:- double
Argument:- a number
Return type:- double
Return value:- positive square root of the passed argument.

Since the sqrt() method is a static method so we can call it directly through its class name like Math.sqrt(). Or for an easy purpose, we can import all static members of the Math class using the “import static” statement.

Java Math.sqrt() Examples

public class SquareRoot {
   public static void main(String[] args) {

      // take a number
      int num1 = 25;

      // find square root value
      double result = Math.sqrt(num1);

      // display result
      System.out.println(result);
   }
}

Output:-

5.0

Other examples,

Math.sqrt(1)	1.0
Math.sqrt(2)	1.4142135623730951
Math.sqrt(3)	1.7320508075688772
Math.sqrt(4)	2.0
Math.sqrt(5)	2.23606797749979
Math.sqrt(6)	2.449489742783178
Math.sqrt(7)	2.6457513110645907
Math.sqrt(8)	2.8284271247461903
Math.sqrt(9)	3.0
Math.sqrt(10)	3.1622776601683795

If we import the Math class statically and then we can invoke sqrt() method without calling through its class name.

// static import
import static java.lang.Math.*;
public class SquareRoot {
   public static void main(String[] args) {

      // find square root value
      // invoke sqrt() without class name
      double result = sqrt(81);

      // display result
      System.out.println(result); 
   }
}

Output:-

9.0

The “import static java.lang.Math.*;” statement will import all static members of the Math class. But if we want to import only the sqrt() method of the Math class, not another static method and variables of the Math class then we can use the “import static java.lang.Math.sqrt;” statement. Learn more about static import in Java

// static import
import static java.lang.Math.sqrt;
public class SquareRoot {
   public static void main(String[] args) {

      // find square root value
      // invoke sqrt() without class name
      double result = sqrt(20);

      // display result
      System.out.println(result); 
   }
}

Output:-

4.47213595499958

Special Cases

• If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN.
• If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity.
• And if the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.
• Otherwise, the result is the double value closest to the true mathematical square root of the argument value.

// the argument is less than zero
System.out.println(sqrt(-81));

Output:- NaN

// argument is NaN
System.out.println(sqrt(Double.NaN));

Output:- NaN

// the argument is positive infinity
System.out.println(sqrt(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY));

Output:- Infinity

// the argument is positive infinity
System.out.println(sqrt(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY));

Output:- NaN

// argument is zero
System.out.println(sqrt(0));

Output:- 0.0

Also see:- Java program to find the square root of a number without the sqrt method

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